Leadership and Organizational Behavio

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Organizational Behavior. Answer: Introduction The organizational effectiveness is an important part of the organizational behavior that is required to ensure the efficient functioning of the internal organizational operations. This assessment discusses the key components of the organizational effectiveness including open system perspective, stakeholder relations, learning perspective, and high performance working practices addressed by the organization of Wal-Mart to improve the organizational internal functioning (Champoux, 2010). Components of Organizational Effectiveness Learning Perspectives- Wal-Mart is a learning organization where the learning perspectives, such as training and development programs, seminars, and learning programs are important for improving the knowledge and learning experiences of the working staffs. The senior management at Wal-Mart provides a good learning environment including the adequate training and skills development through expert trainers and coaching staff, good supervision and learning from the senior team members support to assist in improving the skills, relevant job knowledge, values and abilities as well as in resolving the grievances and dissatisfaction conflicts among the staff members. At Wal-Mart, a pleasant and supporting learning environment is rendered to its employees for their skills development as well as job satisfaction that may lead to the improved employees performances and productivity outcomes. The new hire employees training program at Wal-Mart includes videos and information about the foundation and working of the company for providing the general and specific knowledge to the employees about the companys culture and expectations associated with this culture (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2012). The senior management and team leaders give directions for following principles, such as learn from the past, listen to colleagues and customers, to learn about the customers needs and preferences, learn from past, innovation and risk-taking, have clear goals and values, agree when you stand, employ the right people, admit your mistake, and enjoy while working are such fundamental principles that assists in creating a good learning and supporting environment to the working staffs at Wal-Mart store chains in Canada. The organizational learning theory by Argrys and Schon (1996) identifies the three levels of learning including single loop learning, double loop learning, and Deuterolearning for improving the learning processes and learning cultural understanding at all levels at organization. For ex- single loop learning is based on feedbacks or productivity outcomes in which an effective strategy is developed/ modified in response to unexpected productivity outcomes/results. E.g. sales falls, the marketing manager is required to investigate the root cause and tweak the strategy to bring back the sales on track. The double loop learning provides the learning to change in strategy through modifying the entire marketing or sales process after incorporate significant changes to values, strategies, and assumptions to create more efficient learning environment in order to achieve the expected results. The deuterolearning involves improving the learning processes and systems itself as it is composed of the behavioral and structural components to determine how the learning takes place within the organization. This theory could be applied to the Wall-mart retail stores in Canada to improve the learning processes, systems, and environment within the organization (Jones and Mathew, 2008). Another theory, cognitive learning theory promotes the knowledge management and information sharing system practices to create a leaning environment to all employees. This theory explains the knowledge, understanding, ideas, thoughts, perceptions, and interpretation of the employees about themselves and the environment. This theory defines learning as the outcomes of the deliberate thinking on a cognitive problem or situation based on the facts, findings, and responses in an objective and oriented manner. This theory explains that the employees learn the objects, events, and responses from the environment depending upon the meaning to the stimuli. This theory could be used at Wal-Mart stores to improve the cognitive knowledge, learning attitude, and experiences of the workforce from the environment so that they could deliver the effective customer service. Stakeholder Relationship This is another important component that is majorly responsible for the organizational effectiveness of Wal-Mart. This is an indispensable part of the organizational planning that aims to achieve the good productivity outcomes by improving and maintaining the healthy working relationships with the stakeholders. Wall-Mart is one of the leading retailing stores chains in the world that works in accordance with the stakeholder theory by putting the stakeholders needs, interests, and expectations at front. The stakeholder relationships could be achieved through a long-term commitment to a structured process by focusing on identifying and understanding the needs and interests of the stakeholders, managing their expectations, monitoring the efficiency of the stakeholder engagement activities, and continuous review of the stakeholder community. It is also necessary for the firm to treat ethically with all its stakeholders by considering their needs, interests, and expectations while impleme nting the organizational planning and strategy (Chance, 2013). According to a stakeholder theory by Edward Freeman (1984), who emphasized the importance of stakeholder relationship approach in the organizations. This theory promotes good stakeholder relationships in order to attain the desired productivity and good perforce results. According to Freeman, the stakeholders relationship could be developed and maintained within the organization of Wal-Mart to develop the stakeholders competences. Along with this, the stakeholders competences could be achieved and maintained by making commitment to monitor the stakeholders needs and interests, develop the strategies to deal with the stakeholders and their concerns effectively, categorize the stakeholders needs and interests into manageable segments, and ensure good match between the organization functions and stakeholders needs, interest, and expectations. According to another stakeholder relationship approach by Clarkson (1995), the stakeholders participation in the team meetings and organizational decision-making is important for the stakeholders interests and satisfaction as well as long-term survival of the organization. This theory could be applied to Wal-Mart store chains to protect the stakeholders interests, expectations as well as working well their rights, responsibilities, and objectives ethically. Another stakeholder approach by Botan and Hazelton (1989) signifies the value of an on-going stakeholder engagement via two-way and dialogic symmetrical communication by inviting the stakeholders in the organizational decision-making process (Griffin and Moorhead, 2013). According to this, the stakeholder relationship management could be maintained at Wal-Mart organization by involving the stakeholders participation and consistent communication for consultation, measurement, auditing, and reporting with them that may improve the o rganizational productivity by improving their performance. Noland and Phillips (2010) identifies two recent trends in the stakeholder relationship-Habermasians (moral conversation by ensuring the pleasant conditions of communication where the ethical communication to be held by avoiding corrupted or unethical practices, such as power difference and strategic motivations) and ethical strategist (improving the stakeholders engagement in an ethical way). Conclusion From the above studies, it can be concluded that the learning practices, such as training and learning programs, e-studies, and senior management support are important for improving their skills, knowledge, and work experiences of the working staffs at Wall-mart store chains. The theories related to the stakeholders relationship approach will be significant for the organization for enhancing the corporate image as well as productivity outcomes of the company by meeting the needs, interests, and expectations of the stakeholders. References Champoux, E. J. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Integrating Individuals, Groups, and Organizations. UK: Rout Ledge Publication. Chance, P. (2013). Introduction to Educational Leadership and Organizational Behavior. UK: Rout Ledge Publication. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G. (2013). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Canada: Cengage Learning. Hellriegel, D. and Slocum, J. W. (2012). Organizational Behavior. Canada: Cengage Learning. Jones, G. R. and Mathew, M. (2008). Organizational Theory, Design and Change. Canada: Pearson Education Inc.

Mary Crow Dog - Lakota Women Essays - American Indian Movement

Mary Crow Dog - Lakota Women Obinna Nwadike Native American History During the American Indian Movement, many Native Americans tribes came together as a unit and fought against the injustices that were thrust upon them by American governmental polices. The fact that many Native people were whitemanized through Christianity and other things that such as boarding school played a role in shaping Native peoples identity. However, the involvement in the American Indian Movement shaped the identity of Mary Crow Dog by making her accept who she was an Indian woman, and by making her more willing to fight for the rights of Native Americans. Before joining the American Indian Movement, Mary Crow Dog was forced into boarding school and she questioned her identity many times. For instance, she said that as a young girl she wanted to know who she was because her skin was very light. Because of this she wanted a to lay out in the sun so that she could become a real skin Indian. She questioned her Indian identity because her father was white and also because she was a iyeska. This meaning a half blood Indian and as a result she was looked down upon by white people and full bloods Indians. When Mary Crow Dog joined the American Indian Movement, her outlook on life as an Indian changed because she accepted who she was and she was proud of being and Indian as well. She held on to her old religion and she participated in old Indian traditions such as Ghost dancing. She also went back to using medicine man and peyote roadman. In her point of view holding on to her own religion was one way of resisting a slow death of the Indian culture that was being perpetuated by the white man. In addition, she stated that to be an Indian she had to go to the full bloods and listen to what they had to say. This is because the full blood was humble and they had hearts. Another thing that allowed Mary Crow dog to accept who she was, was the fact that AIM brought a lot of different tribes together and they all fought collectively against White America. One of the most important things that the American Indian Movement did for Mary Crow dog was it made her more willing to fight for Indian rights. For example, she protested in Washington with AIM and she was part of the native people that took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs building. She was also ready to fight the system so bad that she became sober and at the same time vowed to have her baby at Wounded Knee. Her staying at Wounded Knee and becoming the first Indian woman to have a baby there showed a lot of courage and it proves the point that she was ready to fight for Indian rights. Being part of the American Indian movement gave Mary Crow Dog a new perspective on what it meant to be an Indian woman in American society and it made her more willing to fight for the rights of her people because she realized that she wanted out of American society at all cost. Political Issues

The Essay: Boren Scholarship

The Essay: Boren ScholarshipBoren Scholarship is a great opportunity for students to write a sample essay for the purpose of qualifying for their college scholarship. There are a lot of different subjects you can choose from when you are writing your essay.The good thing about writing a sample essay is that it will be easy for you to revise as time goes on. You can make it into an essay that fits your writing style and topic. The best part about these essays is that the curriculum director will view it and determine which of the topics fit best with the other subjects they have in the essay.When writing an essay like this, you can be creative. What you will find most helpful is that there are some tips for writing them that you can use. It is important that you know how to use a computer properly. This will help you with the actual writing process as well.When you are first writing your sample essay, you want to ensure that you know how to format it properly. To do this, take the par agraphs and form a rough draft. You should be able to go back and read your paragraphs to see if they are all good. Do not worry if they are not perfect because it is just a rough draft.The next step is to send in your essay after the student receives their deadline. Be sure to be prepared with a prompt and check list. When you submit your essay, you will be able to find out if you have been accepted by the time the deadline arrives.Another reason why it is important to have a sample essay for the sake of teaching your students is so that they can learn how to write one. Teachers can write their own essay based on the sample essay. Students can pick up on their own writing style and get some help in reviewing their essays. However, this is a chance for you to earn some extra credit.If you are in high school, then you may want to write a short study guide for your classroom. The essay will need to be about 500 words or less. If you are a student in college, you may want to take a loo k at samples for a special essay you can write. Whatever you choose, be sure to give it your all and make sure it is filled with your enthusiasm.Writing an essay like this can be a great way to earn some extra credit. You do not have to worry about anything getting in the way of writing a truly outstanding essay that will get you noticed.

Bipedalism Essays - Terrestrial Locomotion, 2, Animal Anatomy

Bipedalism Essays - Terrestrial Locomotion, 2, Animal Anatomy Bipedalism Grant Kahler Bipedalism The evolution of bipedalism for the early hominids was merely an adaptation to the newfound lifestyle that early man began to lead. No longer was the body adapting to better climbing and life in the trees as this species was slowly becoming a hunting and gathering population. One of the main reasons for this change is the conservation of energy. As these hominids began to spend much of their day on foot in search for food, this bipedal form of walking was adapted as it uses much less energy than the creatures that walk on all fours. The mechanics of bipedal movement was simply a more energy efficient act, but at the same time, this posture decreased the direct exposure to the sun, keeping the individual cooler, and ultimately saving even more energy. Also, as an advantage to hunting and gathering, hominids were now tall and could reach things and have a better and taller view of the surroundings. This provided a huge advantage over the predators of their time. Two additional advantag es of bipedal locomotion is the allowance of two limbs whose purpose was solely to carry or transport possessions. Whether this is food or wood or whatever it may have been, hominids could now carry just about anything for long distances. This freedom of the arms and hands also allowed an easier and better solution to taking care of the young. All of these reasons show the advantages of bipedalism.

Cmo tramitar excelente visa TN para mexicanos

Cmo tramitar excelente visa TN para mexicanos La tramitacià ³n de la visa TN para profesionales mexicanos para trabajar en Estados Unidos, al amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio (NAFTA) es una gran oportunidad para obtener una visa de trabajo. Esta visa TN solo aplica a nacionales mexicanos y canadienses, si bien la tramitacià ³n es ms asequible y fcil para estos à ºltimos. Y eso es asà ­ porque los mexicanos deben seguir ms pasos y su cuota por aplicar por la visa es ms cara que la que deben abonar los canadienses.  ¿Pueden aplicar todos los mexicanos por una visa TN para trabajar en Estados Unidos? La respuesta es un rotundo no.  Esta visa TN es una opcià ³n muy buena pero para calificar para  solicitarla es imprescindible cumplir con los siguientes requisitos: En primer lugar, estar en situacià ³n de acreditar que se es un profesionalista incluido en una de  estas 60 profesiones listadas en el TLC .En otras palabras, si no se trabaja en una de esas actividades, esta visa no es la correcta y si se solicita ser denegada. En segundo lugar, es imprescindible tener una oferta laboral de una empresa de los Estados Unidos. Es decir, primero viene la oferta seria y en firme y luego se solicita la visa la visa TN. Este punto tambià ©n quiere decir que no es posible el auto empleo. Es decir, no se puede solicitar la visa con la intencià ³n de trabajar como freelance en Estados Unidos para una o varias empresas o con la de crear una empresa. Los mexicanos que no cumplen con esos requisitos y que desean trabajar en Estados Unidos deberà ­an informarse si pueden aplicar por otras opciones de visa, como la H-1B para profesionales, la O para personas con habilidades extraordinarias, la L para los casos de transfer entre empresas internacionales, las J-1 de intercambio o las H-2A y H-2B para trabajos temporales agrà ­colas y en otros rubros. Cà ³mo tramitar la visa TN para mexicanos Una vez que se tiene la oferta de trabajo por parte de una empresa en Estados Unidos, el primer paso en completar la forma DS-160 en internet, pagar los aranceles correspondientes,  y solicitar una cita en una oficina consular o en la Embajada para la entrevista.   Para presentarse en la misma hay que llevar, entre otros documentos, la siguiente documentacià ³n: En primer lugar, el pasaporte mexicano vlido por al menos seis meses ms all del fin de la estancia prevista en Estados Unidos. En segundo lugar, la  carta de empleo en la que se detalla que la posicià ³n ofertada necesita ser cubierta por una persona que cumple los requisitos seà ±alados en NAFTA. Adems, deber incluir informacià ³n detallada sobre la actividad profesional a realizar en EEUU, la duracià ³n prevista del contrato, cul serà ­a la compensacià ³n econà ³mica, evidencia de que se cumple con los requisitos fijados por el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, siglas en inglà ©s) y el estado en el que se va a ir a trabajar. La carta no necesita ir acompaà ±ada por prueba de que el solicitante tiene las licencias profesionales necesarias para trabajar en EEUU para ciertos tipos de empleos, ya que tales certificaciones se pueden conseguir a posteriori. Sin embargo, es altamente recomendable que si ya se cuenta con ellas, presentarlas en ese momento. Esta carta es una parte fundamental para que se conceda la visa, por lo que es muy frecuente recurrir a un abogado con conocimientos sobre estas visas para que se ocupe de su redaccià ³n. Finalmente, se debe aportar prueba que demuestre  que se cumplen con los requisitos de estudios o de experiencia laboral que pide NAFTA para este tipo de visas. Este es un requisito importante ya que el oficial consular quiere asegurarse de que los estudios completados en un paà ­s que no es Estados Unidos reà ºnen los requisitos de calidad que se piden para la visa TN, por los que ser necesario validarlos en una agencia reputada. La visa ser denegada si no se cumplen las condiciones que se pide para la visa o si el solicitante es considerado como inelegible para una visa no inmigrante, como es à ©sta, o si es inadmisible para ingresar a los Estados unidos. Familiares del solicitante de una visa TN El cà ³nyuge (marido o mujer) y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os pueden solicitar una visa derivada para acompaà ±ar al titular de un visado TN a Estados Unidos. No es necesario que los familiares sean de nacionalidad mexicana. Y hay que tener en cuenta que aunque pueden vivir y estudiar en Estados Unidos no estn autorizados para trabajar. Tiempo de duracià ³n de una visa TN para mexicanos En principio las visas son vlidas por un mximo de tres aà ±os, pero esto lo hay que entender.  Es decir, hay que mirar el tiempo mximo que concede el oficial migratorio en el puerto de entrada y seguir cumpliendo todos los requisitos que dieron lugar a que se aprobara la visa. Adems, se puede pedir una extensià ³n de dos formas: que el empleador americano la solicite al USCIS rellenando el formulario I-129   o que el propio titular la solicite en un puerto de entrada cumplimentando esa misma forma y proporcionando la misma documentacià ³n que tuvo que mostrar en el consulado la primera vez que solicità ³ la visa y le fue concedida. En el caso de familiares con visa derivada como es el caso del cà ³nyuge o de los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, la extensià ³n se pide con el formulario I-539 si estn en los Estados Unidos o aplicando de nuevo en un consulado, si estn fuera. Visas TN y enfermeras Estados Unidos tiene un dà ©ficit de profesionales sanitarios y, en particular, de enfermeras. Por ello, son frecuentes los contratos a profesionales extranjeros. De hecho, hay  agencias que se dedican a reclutar enfermeras, muchas de ellas mexicanas a travà ©s de la visa TN.   Lo importante es asegurarse de que se trata de una agencia reputada y evitar ser và ­ctima de un caso de fraude.

Case student of a site of adoult learning in san antoino Essay

Case student of a site of adoult learning in san antoino - Essay Example The clubs operated by curves, however, only provide fitness services to women. The organisation was founded by enthusiasts of fitness, Gary and Diane Heavin, who have been involved in fitness advertising. The founder had a passion for sharing information regarding health and fitness to women. The first club targeted women and provided comprehensive 30 minute fitness sessions, which proved to be highly effective. The successes realised by the first two clubs resulted in the massive expansion of the club. The club began undertaking educational training to people on how to operate fitness clubs, in different communities. This created the current franchise of curves, which reached over 7000 outlets in less than a decade. The organisation has been identified as the fastest growing franchise, globally, with presence in 85 countries and running over 10,000 outlets. Initial training, of the individuals running the outlets, ensures the organisation maintain s uniform operating standards. Within the online site of the company people can learn a lot regarding physical fitness as well as other elements regarding healthy living. The site provides free information on various aspects of fitness, including exercising, losing weight, among many others. The focus of the website is women, who commonly lack information regarding physical exercises which help individuals maintain their fitness. The website provides answers to fitness questions which visitors might have, absolutely free. The organisation provides information to empower members towards adopting fitness measures which enhance their health(Merriam & Bierema, 2014). The organisation itself provides very effective methods of keeping fit through exercise. The organisation has created a signature 30-minute workout which has been fundamental in ensuring the popularity of the clubs, globally. This approach ensures individuals running on a busy

Conscious Obedience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conscious Obedience - Essay Example In a very general sense, everyone obeys out of their own self-interest. However, this places the fear of punishment on an equal plane with the promise of a reward and does not shed much light on the underlying reasons. The question that needs to be answered is; what self-interest are we fulfilling when we obey Kelman and Hamilton argue that obedience comes from one of three rationalizations. Compliance for self-interest, acknowledgment of authority, or ethical concerns (Tyler 1090). A person may comply with the request to work overtime at no pay in hopes of getting a promotion. In their identification of authority model, a person may act against their better judgment if the boss orders them to take an illegal action. People also have the capacity to exercise free will and act according to their own value system. Psychological theorists can help explain obedience by examining the motivation behind the reward we receive for compliance. Maslow would describe the humanist viewpoint as obeying to gain respect and recognition from authority. Skinner would see obedience as a natural conditioned reaction to doing what we are told. Bronfenbrenner describes a myriad of authorities that we obey on an individual or group level. The echological argument holds that patriotism is obedience to nationalism. Obedience can take many forms and the authority may be abstract. Young children may obey their parents because they understand it is the right thing to do and is an ethical decision. It may be self-interest, as they will obey them to avoid their parent's punishment, or to gain a reward. However, a child's inner logic may not be apparent through their actions alone. Children who have been abused, neglected, or feel abandoned may withdraw and suffer from defeatism (Singer, Dornenbal, and Okma, 601). They will display obedience though it may not be for the self-interest that it appears. In a study of children by Singer, Dornenbal, and Okma, the researchers found significantly more foster children offered little or no resistance to parental authority than their birthchildren counterparts (596). Birthchildren had a much higher incidence of offering fierce resistance in a disciplinary conflict than foster children (596). In the case of the foster children, the researchers noted that, "Their main goal is unilateral-self-saving [...] Their main interests are fear of punishment and a feeling of powerlessness" (601). The birthchildren that were offering intense rebellion were said to have, " [...] unilateral coercive goals to get their own way" (594). The birthchildren were acting in self-interest to exploit the parental authority's lack of resolve, while the foster children were obeying for self-preservation. As children grow into adulthood, they will for the most part become more aware of the need for obedience. The cost of punishment by law enforcement will generally get most people to abide by acceptable customs. The need for a steady paycheck will insure that they will put their feelings aside when taken advantage of in the workplace. They may rationalize to themselves, and others, that they are being obedient in order to live up to a moral or ethical standard. Adults may allow